Essay A Comparison of Capitalism and Marxism - 637 Words

A Comparison of Capitalism and Marxism This essay will compare the economic principles of capitalism and communism by giving brief historical background on both and describing the two. I will begin with the father of economy, Adam Smith, and finish with the theories of Karl Marx. Adam Smith believed that if everyone behaves selfishly we are doing what is best for the economy of our society. This is what is known as â€Å"enlightened selfishness.† â€Å"Enlightened selfishness† is one of the main elements of capitalism. Profit is the motive for production of goods and greed is a virtue. You can own private property, but to maintain that private property you need capital to invest. Investing in something is always a risk. The larger the risk,†¦show more content†¦The workers were, in general, unskilled and often repeated the same series of actions for 12 hours a day. The owners were the people profiting the most from this system. Because the common worker was so easy to come by and easy to underpay, the owners could have a higher profit. All of this and child labor too. Children and women were under paid even more so than men. Urbanization forced the creation of working class districts. These slums had no running water, diseases such as s mall pox and typhus were commonplace, people were clustered around the factories creating crowded flats and mortality rates were incredibly high. Marx and others saw capitalism as going hand-in-hand with these horrors. Communism is considered a reaction to the â€Å"evils of capitalism.† Another way of saying communism is â€Å"dialectical materialism.† Karl Marx borrowed many ideas from the ideas of Gregor Hagel. Karl Marx was a German professor and theoretician, he published 2 famous works The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (1866). Before he could finish Das Kapital he died, Friedrich Engels finished the book. Frederik Angles was a collaborator of Marx’s and co-author of the book. Marx saw the exploitation of the common worker and predicted a revolution that would see the rise of the proletariat against the capitalistic suppressors. Proletariat is a term used by Marx to describe the working class. He alsoShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesdialectically as societies shift from one mode of production to another†. This will be argued through a contextual account of Marxism, its development, critiques, and both the dependency theory and critical theory. Marx closely analysed the economic interactions within the capitalist community, arguing that the unfair wages were being distributed to workers due to capitalism being driven by profit. This is known as the ‘Labour Theory of Value’. This theory illustrates how the rich are becoming richerRead MoreKarl Marx s Theories During The Industrial Revolution1662 Words   |  7 Pagesperspectives and different ways of viewing oneself in class positions. Comparisons between social and political structures in the 19th century and the 21st century expose the similarities that have yet to be modified. Marxist theory proved to offer a framework for society to undergo evolutionary change that would put an end to the capitalist mode of production that developed during the Industrial Revolution in Europe (Connelley). Marxism greatly outlines the struggle between different classes and groupsRead More A Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Understanding of the Role of Education in Soci ety1130 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Understanding of the Role of Education in Society Functionalist theories assume the different parts of a society each have their own role to play (their own function), and work together smoothly in order to form a harmonious whole (macro). The metaphor often used to describe functionalism is that it views society as a body, with the different socialisation agents —government, media, religion, the family, etc., and, of courseRead MoreSociological Perspectives On Life Chances Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesTask 1 This essay is based on two main sociological perspectives such as Functionalism and Marxism. 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In modern day EnglishRead MoreA Critical Comparison Of Marxist Theory And Merton’S Strain1530 Words   |  7 Pages  A Critical Comparison of Marxist Theory and Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance. Introduction: This particular work will consist of a critical theoretical review and a comparative analysis on two criminological theories. For the comparison I have chosen Marx’s theory of crime and Merton’s strain theory of deviance. My critical comparison analysis will emphasise the central concepts and arguments within both theories and how each theory explains crime. The analysis will then explore modern dayRead More The Political Impact on Humans Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship of humans. Michael Lowry of The Monthly Review comments, â€Å"This spirit stems from its quality of being simultaneously critical and emancipatory-that is to say from the inextricable unity between analysis of capitalism and the call for the overthrow of capitalism, between examination of the class struggle and commitment to the exploited class, between clear analysis of the contradictions within bourgeois society and the revolutionary utopia of a society marked by equalitarianism andRead MoreA Marxist Evaluation Of Feminism And Gender Equality Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagesversion of what it was meant to be—a system that sought to raise the rights of women out of the home (as domestic servants) and into the workplace. In the late 20th and early 21st century, the idea of Marxism as a system of economic analysis for women to dissect the inequalities of patriarchal capitalism has also become diluted and co-opted by the ruling classes as a â€Å"political phenomenon:† In this sense, then, rather than retaining the idea of feminism as something that stretched from its radicalRead MoreFunctionalism And Its Impact On Society Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pageseducation means those who have skill that can move up the social classes, such as meritocracy. †¢ The education explains social dissimilarity; those in the best roles are there because they justify being due to their hard work and ability. MARXSIM Marxism is a system of economic, social, and political attitude based on the thoughts that view social change in terms of economic factors. An essential principle is that the means of production is the economic base that effects or controls the politicalRead MoreThe Major Problems That International Relations1639 Words   |  7 Pagesperspective on the issue. The three theoretical approaches we will explore in this paper are Realism, Liberalism and Marxism. These three approaches are chosen due to their verity as well as how vast their explanation stretches allows for contrasts to show more accurately. As we will discuss later, we will find that there are some similarities between Liberalism and Realism also where Marxism brings in a perspective completely alternate to the first two, adding to the depth of the explanations. Each theoretical

Is Pop Culture Good Or Bad - 1163 Words

Everyone is surrounded by popular culture in our society today. It is everywhere. From watching TV, to reading magazines, being on social media, and just browsing the internet. Popular culture is the entirety of ideas, perspectives, attitudes, images, and other phenomena that are within the mainstream of a given culture. The question is popular culture good or bad? Pop Culture has a great impact on our society of today. The main problem with pop culture is that some people think that it can dumb us down, and also that it promotes violence in today’s youth. It could actually do the exact opposite. Pop Culture is just another thing to learn about in life. It could actually help us think more complex to figure out what is going to happen in the next episode in your favorite TV show. It could even have the youth reading at an early age just to figure out what is happening in the magazines, and to be able to text their friends. Also it could help us learn more about the issues in today’s world through the use of browsing the internet. The main issues that will be covered through this paper are: how modern TV can enlighten the audience, the use of social media in political movements, and the effects on how pop culture can educate the youth of today. To begin with we will look at the issue of how modern TV can enlighten the audie nce. The author Stephen Johnson makes the argument of how TV is more complex, therefore it makes you smarter, in his article â€Å"Watching TVShow MoreRelatedReverie by Roy Lichtenstein1262 Words   |  6 PagesReverie by Roy Lichtenstein Roy Lichtenstein was an American artist who was an influential part of the Pop Art movement in the 1960s. Roy Lichtenstein was born in New York in 1923 and he has created some of the most well-known Pop Art paintings and artworks. An example of his artwork is â€Å"Reverie†, it is a screen print by Roy Lichtenstein in 1965 in his iconic comic strip art style. â€Å"Reverie† by Roy Lichtenstein shows social commentary of mass production through the art movement it’s in, the techniqueRead MoreAmerica s Influence On American Culture1414 Words   |  6 PagesPopular culture in America has visibly had an immense impact in other countries. It has created superheros such as Superman and The Avengers, invented cartoons that symbolize the childhoods of the youth such as Mickey Mouse and Scooby Doo, and globalized figures such as Martin Luther King Jr. There is no doubt that these idols represent positive images that spread influential ideas to other countries, but these positive ideas are only a small fraction of what American popular culture is. AmericanRead MoreTaking a Look at Pop culture1459 Words   |  6 Pages Pop Culture A variety of different genres make up what we read, listen to and watch in society. 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The main source of popular culture according to Denby is the media, which has become â€Å"three-dimensional, inescapable, omnivorousRead MorePop Culture Mix Modes Rough Draft1471 Words   |  6 PagesRebekah Brickeen Ms. Howard AP English 11 6 December 2016 Pop Culture Mix Modes Rough Draft During the teenage years, pop culture becomes very important and has a major influence on a teen’s daily life. Pop culture begins to have negative effect on teens when they begin to change themselves to fit into the social standards created by modern TV stars, fashion icons, and musical artists. It is fine to be interested in wealthy and famous people, because they are without a doubt, interesting and itRead MoreDifferentiating between Good and Bad Artists1038 Words   |  4 PagesDifferentiating Between Good and Bad Artists Is it about the music, or the Fame Monster? that is a serious question in the age of contemporary pop music (Leopold 2012). 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Music has a huge impact on pop culture. What is popular culture some may ask? Well you can break pop culture up into two words, popular and culture. In Merriam- Webster Popular is defined as commonly liked or approved (â€Å"Popular†). The word Culture is defined in the same dictionary as the act of developing the intellectual and moral faculties especially by education (â€Å"Culture†). With that said, is this pop culture hit a good influence on childrens†™ lives. Musicians don’t seemRead MoreIs K-Pop a Good Influence or Bad Influence?1425 Words   |  6 PagesDoes K-Pop Brings A Good Influence for Teenagers? What is K-Pop? K-pop or known as Korean Pop is a new music genre that was originally come from South Korea, Asia. Some say K-pop offered another style of music which has catchier and offer easy listening songs for their lovers. 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Care of the Older Patient for Nursing Management- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCare of the Older Patient for Nursing Management. Answer: The present paper will discuss the nursing management of an aging patient in reference to the theories of aging. To clearly understand these concepts a case study of an elderly patient recently interviewed will be used. Their illness pathophysiology and comorbid conditions will be discussed and linked to theories of aging that have been put forth. The impact of the disease on the patient will be addressed with some ethical and legal issues as pertaining to their care will be established. Lastly, evidence-based approaches to the care of the patient will be discussed. This is with an objective to help the nursing care team accommodate the elderly in quality care provision using evidence as a guarantee. Patient summary The patient is R.S, an eighty-three-year-old female. She is a retired hotel attendant and had worked for over forty years in the hotel and hospitality industry. She currently owns a chain of small-scale restaurants that she started with her husband. She is a widow with six children, the youngest being twenty-nine years old. She presented to the cardiac clinic with complaints of dyspnea, easy fatigability, and chest pain. A diagnosis of stable angina due to coronary heart disease was made on history and confirmed by a coronary angiogram. She is a known hypertensive for the past ten years and was on medication. She also complained of stiff joints and reduced range of motion in her joints especially the lower limbs. An impression of ongoing arthritis was made. She, however, is obese but not diabetic. Her past medical history revealed a past history of angina, fracture of the left femur due to a fall from a height and a previous surgery for cataracts. Her social and family history showed that she lived with an assistant who was hired by her eldest son to take care of her needs. She was not a smoker and did has never used alcohol before. Her husband died when she was seventy-two years old from a myocardial infarction. She has fears that she will succumb to the same fate since she has the same symptoms her husband exhibited. Pathophysiology Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease caused by defective, narrowed coronary vessels usually due to atherosclerosis (Colledge, Walker Ralston, 2013). The typical presentation is angina, which is acute chest pain due to myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction and heart failure (Glynn Drake, 2014). The patient presented with stable angina, a coronary syndrome due to fixed atheromatous stenosis of one or more coronary vessels causing ischemia. An atheroma is an aggregation of lipid plague in the vessel wall. It forms when an inflammatory reaction in the vessel wall recruiting macrophages forming foam cells. There is then an intracellular lipid accumulation as the defect grows larger. In response to the macrophages, the smooth muscles of the vessel wall media migrate to the intima covering the lipid core with smooth muscle (Chilton, 2013). This covering although narrowing the vessel, stabilizes the atheroma forming a fixed atheromatous plague. The atheroma ages in that angiogenesis lead to the provision of blood supply and deposition of calcium (Chilton, 2013). A fibrous cap forms to top the atheroma. The edge of this cap is important in the pathogenesis of the acute coronary syndromes as they are prone to rupture. In the end, the plague will consist of a lipid core with necrotic tissue capped by a fibrous cap (Chilton, 2013). If the vessel occlusion is large enough then the blood supply to the part of the heart distal to supplying vessel experiences ischemic changes. The initial one is angina, a form of chest pain. it is a syndrome rather than a disease. There is an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Due to fixed atheroma, the chest pain is predictable following sessions of exertion. This is explainable as the heart oxygen demands rise on any physical activity as it tries to maintain whole body perfusion. This pain is generally relieved by rest which reduces demand. However, this syndrome occurs in a continuum as the atheroma can become compromised or rapture, giving rise to unstable angina which is worse and is not relieved by rest. On the extreme end of this continuum is myocardial infarction which occurs when there is total occlusion of blood supply leading to ischemic death of myocardium, the so-called heart attack (Colledge, Walker Ralston, 2013). Contributing factors The contributing factors to coronary heart disease are many. They include age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia or obesity, smoking, chronic kidney disease, sedentary lifestyle involving intake of unsaturated fats and lack of aerobic exercise, and stress (Daviglus et al, 2012). These are termed cardiovascular risk factors and either increase the chance of forming an atheroma or modify the bodies way of dealing with it. Obesity and hyperlipidemia increase the bodys low-density lipoprotein levels which are involved in atheroma formation. Smoking cessation is the single most important modifiable risk factor for heart disease and cessation has been associated with the low chance of coronary heart disease (Daviglus et al, 2012). Hypertension is associated with hardening of vessels and ventricular hypertrophy. Hardened vessels easily occlude with cholesterol and an enlarged heart leads to increased oxygen demand. Another risk factor is social stress (Daviglus et al, 2012). Theories of aging The theories of aging try to make sense of the aging process and its implications (MacNee, Rabinovich, Choudhury, 2014). The psychosocial theories of aging include the continuity theory, disengagement theory, and the activity theory. The activity theory of aging was introduced in 1961 by Havighurst and postulates that life satisfaction can be achieved if one maintains the normal activity of middle years (Diggs, 2015). He postulated that an aging individual has the same psychological needs as those of a middle-aged individual but due to social disruption lie isolation, retirement and loss of ability to participate may make the older individual lose their identity and self-esteem. A person will be considered to age well if they continue with the activity of youth or find innovative ways to replace them with new ones. The disengagement theory postulates that as one ages they naturally withdraw from society and social norms (Johnson Mutchler, 2014). It assures that this is normal for an aging person and should be expected. It is made up of several postulates that try to justify why older people disengage: the expectation of death, fewer contacts, evolving ego, and loss of roles. This theory encourages a sedentary lifestyle as the patient is isolated from most situations. The continuity theory of aging postulates that despite the aging process personality and basic behavior patterns remain constant in an individual. Miller, (2004) developed the functional consequences theory that helps to explain the correlation between age and health. It provides a framework for the promotion of the wellness in older patients (Campbell Hughes, 2016). It aids the nurses in focusing reducing the negative effects that are age-related and removing the risk factors so as to improve the wellness of the elderly patients. It helps the nurses to recognize that the older adults have a potential for growth. With this, they are able to come up with the nursing diagnosis that cultivates a sense of dignity and value. Miller's theory enables nurses to be holistic when dealing with the aged. It focusses on age-related changes, environmental factors, modifiable risk factors and unmodifiable risk factors (McMahon Fleury, 2012). It is termed the nursing theory of aging. In cardiovascular disease, age-related changes include thickening of valves and stiffening of musculature due to deposition of calcium. This reduces the cardiov ascular reserve and it cant effectively compensate large alterations in function. The vessels become stiffer and more predisposed to injury, the so-called vascular theory of aging. Impact of the condition on patient life. The impacts of this condition on the patients life are large. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a measurable concept that addresses the individuals responses to living with the condition taking in consideration recreational activities, social, emotional, sexual, personal and occupational relationships (Thompson Yu, 2013). Measurement is in two modules, generic and disease-specific. Some tools relevant to our patient include Seattle Angina questionnaire and Cardiovascular Limitations and Symptoms Profile (CLASP) (Thompson Yu, 2013). With exertional dyspnea and angina, daily activities are restricted and quality of life is greatly reduced. Some cases require hospitalization further complicating their life. The economic burden of treating heart disease is substantial and without a good socioeconomic support, it might prove difficult to manage the chronic condition (Mory?, Bellwon, Hfer, Rynkiewicz, Grucha?a, 2016). The patient will have diet restriction, social restrictions in cluding stopping alcohol and smoking, exercise restriction thus denying them a chance to enjoy their favorite activities and the psychological stress associated with the chronicity (Thompson Yu, 2013). Ethical issues in the management of older patients. Older patients may face discrimination, victimization or disregard for their dignity due to their perceived or actual disability or helplessness (Hinkle Cheever, 2013). The basic ethical principles of medical practice should still apply to the care of the elderly including autonomy, beneficence, justice, and non-maleficence (Kane, Ouslander, Abrass, Resnick, 2013). Autonomy refers to the patients right to control ones care (Kane, Ouslander, Abrass, Resnick, 2013). It is the principle most emphasized in the concept of patient-centered care where the patient has the right to choose the treatment options and make an informed decision. Informed consent to be sought before any procedure is sought. Beneficence refers to the nursing care provided that is towards doing so and not causing harm (Kane, Ouslander, Abrass, Resnick, 2013). All medical decisions should be to the benefit of the patient. It is the duty of the care provider to inform the patient the best possible care plan. Non-ma leficence simply refers to the principle of doing no harm (Kane, Ouslander, Abrass, Resnick, 2013). No decision made should compromise on the safety and well-being of the patient. Justice refers to the fair, equitable and appropriate distribution of care in the society (Kane, Ouslander, Abrass, Resnick, 2013). The elder patient should receive the same level and quality of care and consideration as anyone else. The appropriate model of care A care plan has to be implemented to take into consideration the multimorbidity of her conditions, fragility, polypharmacy, and cognition (Pi Hu, 2016). She is a diagnosed hypertensive with obesity and now diagnosed stable angina with signs of arthritis. The management should be multidisciplinary to maximize expertise and competency. The team should include primary care, geriatricians, cardiology specialists, physical therapy, nursing team and nutritionist. According to Wee, Burns, Bett, (2015), the typical strategy used should be to access cardiovascular risk in conjunction with comorbid conditions, cardiac management tailored to fit the diagnosis and rehabilitative care to improve functionality and finally preventive measures to avoid an acute coronary syndrome that can be immediately fatal. Management of stable angina relies on the risk assessment to decide on the need for surgical revascularization (Wee, Burns, Bett, 2015). Risk assessment takes into account risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, smoking, clinical evaluation using stress echocardiography, ECG, lab tests and coronary angiography (Kavousi et al, 2012). Medical management involves pain relief for angina using short-acting nitrate drugs, antianginal medication using beta blockers and calcium channel blockers (Jarvis Saman, 2017). Event prevention using aspirin is also recommended. Lifestyle modification plays an important role in cardiovascular risk reduction. They include cessation of smoking, control of blood pressure, eating a healthy diet, weight reduction, screening for sleep apnea and vaccination for influenza (Wee, Burns, Bett, 2015). In conclusion, the management of an older patient is as important as any other age group. The management has to take into consideration the ethical and legal implications and still be precise. The case study presented was of a patient with stable angina, a syndrome indicative of coronary heart disease due to atherosclerosis. The psychosocial theories of aging which include the activity theory, continuity theory, and disengagement theories link to the causation of coronary heart disease. Millers functional theory further outlays aging and health as a link that can be modified for good wellbeing of the elderly patient. References. Campbell, C., Hughes, M., (2016). The use of functional consequences theory. The Journal of gerontological nursing. 22(1):27-36 Chilton, R.J. (2013). Pathophysiology of coronary heart disease: a brief review. Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 104(9), 5S8S. Colledge, N., Walker, R, Ralston, S. (2013). Davidsons Principles and Practice of Medicine. (21st ed). New York, N.Y: Edinburgh. Daviglus, M.L., Talavera, A., Avils-Santa, L., Allison, M., Cai, J., Criqui, M., Stamler, J. (2012). Prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases among Hispanic/Latino individuals of diverse backgrounds in the United States. JAMA, 308(17), 17751784. Diggs, J. (2015). Activity theory of aging. Encyclopedia of Aging and Public Health. Boston, MA: Springer. Glynn, M. Drake, W. (2014). Hutchinsons Clinical Methods: an integrated approach to clinical practice. London: Elsevier Hinkle, J.L, Cheever, K.H. (2013). Brunner and Saddarths Textbook of Medical and Surgical Nursing, (13th ed) Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Jarvis, S., Saman, S. (2017) Diagnosis, management and nursing care in acute coronary syndrome. Nursing Times,113(3), 31-35. Johnson, J., Mutchler, E. (2014). The emergence of a positive gerontology: from disengagement to social involvement. The Gerontologist, 54(1), 93100. Kane, L., Ouslander J.G., Abrass, I.B., Resnick, B. (2013). Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics. (7ed). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Kavousi, M., Elias-Smale, S., Rutten, H., Leening, J., Vliegenthart, R., Verwoert, C., Witteman, M. (2012). Evaluation of newer risk markers for coronary heart disease risk classification: a cohort study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 156, 438444 MacNee, W., Rabinovich, A., Choudhury, G. (2014). Aging and the border between health and disease. European Respiratory Journal, 44 (5), 1332-1352. McMahon, S., Fleury, J. (2012). Wellness in older adults: a concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 47(1), 39-51. Miller, J. (2004). Wellness: The history and development of a concept. Spektrum Freizeit. 27, 84106. Mory?, J. M., Bellwon, J., Hfer, S., Rynkiewicz, A., Grucha?a, M. (2016). Quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease after myocardial infarction and with ischemic heart failure. Archives of Medical Science,12(2), 326333. Pi, H., Hu, X. (2016). Nursing care in old patients with heart failure: current status and future perspectives. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 13(5), 387-390. Thompson, D. R., Yu, C. (2013). Quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease-I: Assessment tools. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 1, 42. Wee, Y., Burns, K., Bett, N. (2015). Medical management of chronic stable angina. Australian Prescriber, 38(4), 131136. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2015.042

Katherine Chopin Has A Different Opinion Of Love, Marriage, Than Most

Katherine Chopin has a different opinion of love, marriage, than most writers of her day. In her writing she indicates to her readers that marriage, though built on a foundation of love can not contain passion. Love is considered a feeling that inspires passion, and romance. It continues on throughout the marriage, but the passion and romance are lost somewhere in the struggles of married life. This loss can also occur in the task of raising children, causing a sort of neglect for the love of one's life. Passion is what inspires an individual to do anything. Chopin it seems is saying that this is an impossibility in marriage in the since of love or sexual relationship. Passion however can be found outside the marriage with other sexual partners. It can also be found in other areas such as in "The Story of an Hour." The main character in this story exemplifies this truth by the statement made after she got over the shock of her husband's death, "Free, free, free!" Her passion came from the realization that she was once again free to do as she wished. Marriage it seems is considered somewhat sacred even though it was almost as if it was acceptable for extramarital relations to take place in Chopin's stories. She seems to think this act of breaking the holy vows of marriage was a justifiable act.