Essay A Comparison of Capitalism and Marxism - 637 Words

A Comparison of Capitalism and Marxism This essay will compare the economic principles of capitalism and communism by giving brief historical background on both and describing the two. I will begin with the father of economy, Adam Smith, and finish with the theories of Karl Marx. Adam Smith believed that if everyone behaves selfishly we are doing what is best for the economy of our society. This is what is known as â€Å"enlightened selfishness.† â€Å"Enlightened selfishness† is one of the main elements of capitalism. Profit is the motive for production of goods and greed is a virtue. You can own private property, but to maintain that private property you need capital to invest. Investing in something is always a risk. The larger the risk,†¦show more content†¦The workers were, in general, unskilled and often repeated the same series of actions for 12 hours a day. The owners were the people profiting the most from this system. Because the common worker was so easy to come by and easy to underpay, the owners could have a higher profit. All of this and child labor too. Children and women were under paid even more so than men. Urbanization forced the creation of working class districts. These slums had no running water, diseases such as s mall pox and typhus were commonplace, people were clustered around the factories creating crowded flats and mortality rates were incredibly high. Marx and others saw capitalism as going hand-in-hand with these horrors. Communism is considered a reaction to the â€Å"evils of capitalism.† Another way of saying communism is â€Å"dialectical materialism.† Karl Marx borrowed many ideas from the ideas of Gregor Hagel. Karl Marx was a German professor and theoretician, he published 2 famous works The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (1866). Before he could finish Das Kapital he died, Friedrich Engels finished the book. Frederik Angles was a collaborator of Marx’s and co-author of the book. Marx saw the exploitation of the common worker and predicted a revolution that would see the rise of the proletariat against the capitalistic suppressors. Proletariat is a term used by Marx to describe the working class. He alsoShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesdialectically as societies shift from one mode of production to another†. This will be argued through a contextual account of Marxism, its development, critiques, and both the dependency theory and critical theory. Marx closely analysed the economic interactions within the capitalist community, arguing that the unfair wages were being distributed to workers due to capitalism being driven by profit. This is known as the ‘Labour Theory of Value’. This theory illustrates how the rich are becoming richerRead MoreKarl Marx s Theories During The Industrial Revolution1662 Words   |  7 Pagesperspectives and different ways of viewing oneself in class positions. Comparisons between social and political structures in the 19th century and the 21st century expose the similarities that have yet to be modified. Marxist theory proved to offer a framework for society to undergo evolutionary change that would put an end to the capitalist mode of production that developed during the Industrial Revolution in Europe (Connelley). Marxism greatly outlines the struggle between different classes and groupsRead More A Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Understanding of the Role of Education in Soci ety1130 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Understanding of the Role of Education in Society Functionalist theories assume the different parts of a society each have their own role to play (their own function), and work together smoothly in order to form a harmonious whole (macro). The metaphor often used to describe functionalism is that it views society as a body, with the different socialisation agents —government, media, religion, the family, etc., and, of courseRead MoreSociological Perspectives On Life Chances Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesTask 1 This essay is based on two main sociological perspectives such as Functionalism and Marxism. It will evaluate the view that differences in the life chances between social groups which are dependent on various social factors affecting the society and individuals. Furthermore, it will compare and contrast these two sociological perspectives. Life chances can have a positive or negative effect on individual’s lifetime in terms of their education, health, employment, income and housing. TheyRead MoreCompare two cultures using two sociological concepts/perspectives1301 Words   |  6 Pageswith ‘Mechanical solidarity’. This describes shared customs, values, and beliefs, and agrees with Marxism. All take part in the farming of land and the raising of livestock, and there is social cohesiveness. The Nama people are a small, less technologically advanced society; traditionally living with no electricity, using basic tools and weapons and living in huts without running water. In comparison, England is situated in Western Europe, approximately 12,000km from Namibia. In modern day EnglishRead MoreA Critical Comparison Of Marxist Theory And Merton’S Strain1530 Words   |  7 Pages  A Critical Comparison of Marxist Theory and Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance. Introduction: This particular work will consist of a critical theoretical review and a comparative analysis on two criminological theories. For the comparison I have chosen Marx’s theory of crime and Merton’s strain theory of deviance. My critical comparison analysis will emphasise the central concepts and arguments within both theories and how each theory explains crime. The analysis will then explore modern dayRead More The Political Impact on Humans Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship of humans. Michael Lowry of The Monthly Review comments, â€Å"This spirit stems from its quality of being simultaneously critical and emancipatory-that is to say from the inextricable unity between analysis of capitalism and the call for the overthrow of capitalism, between examination of the class struggle and commitment to the exploited class, between clear analysis of the contradictions within bourgeois society and the revolutionary utopia of a society marked by equalitarianism andRead MoreA Marxist Evaluation Of Feminism And Gender Equality Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagesversion of what it was meant to be—a system that sought to raise the rights of women out of the home (as domestic servants) and into the workplace. In the late 20th and early 21st century, the idea of Marxism as a system of economic analysis for women to dissect the inequalities of patriarchal capitalism has also become diluted and co-opted by the ruling classes as a â€Å"political phenomenon:† In this sense, then, rather than retaining the idea of feminism as something that stretched from its radicalRead MoreFunctionalism And Its Impact On Society Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pageseducation means those who have skill that can move up the social classes, such as meritocracy. †¢ The education explains social dissimilarity; those in the best roles are there because they justify being due to their hard work and ability. MARXSIM Marxism is a system of economic, social, and political attitude based on the thoughts that view social change in terms of economic factors. An essential principle is that the means of production is the economic base that effects or controls the politicalRead MoreThe Major Problems That International Relations1639 Words   |  7 Pagesperspective on the issue. The three theoretical approaches we will explore in this paper are Realism, Liberalism and Marxism. These three approaches are chosen due to their verity as well as how vast their explanation stretches allows for contrasts to show more accurately. As we will discuss later, we will find that there are some similarities between Liberalism and Realism also where Marxism brings in a perspective completely alternate to the first two, adding to the depth of the explanations. Each theoretical

Is Pop Culture Good Or Bad - 1163 Words

Everyone is surrounded by popular culture in our society today. It is everywhere. From watching TV, to reading magazines, being on social media, and just browsing the internet. Popular culture is the entirety of ideas, perspectives, attitudes, images, and other phenomena that are within the mainstream of a given culture. The question is popular culture good or bad? Pop Culture has a great impact on our society of today. The main problem with pop culture is that some people think that it can dumb us down, and also that it promotes violence in today’s youth. It could actually do the exact opposite. Pop Culture is just another thing to learn about in life. It could actually help us think more complex to figure out what is going to happen in the next episode in your favorite TV show. It could even have the youth reading at an early age just to figure out what is happening in the magazines, and to be able to text their friends. Also it could help us learn more about the issues in today’s world through the use of browsing the internet. The main issues that will be covered through this paper are: how modern TV can enlighten the audience, the use of social media in political movements, and the effects on how pop culture can educate the youth of today. To begin with we will look at the issue of how modern TV can enlighten the audie nce. The author Stephen Johnson makes the argument of how TV is more complex, therefore it makes you smarter, in his article â€Å"Watching TVShow MoreRelatedReverie by Roy Lichtenstein1262 Words   |  6 PagesReverie by Roy Lichtenstein Roy Lichtenstein was an American artist who was an influential part of the Pop Art movement in the 1960s. Roy Lichtenstein was born in New York in 1923 and he has created some of the most well-known Pop Art paintings and artworks. An example of his artwork is â€Å"Reverie†, it is a screen print by Roy Lichtenstein in 1965 in his iconic comic strip art style. â€Å"Reverie† by Roy Lichtenstein shows social commentary of mass production through the art movement it’s in, the techniqueRead MoreAmerica s Influence On American Culture1414 Words   |  6 PagesPopular culture in America has visibly had an immense impact in other countries. It has created superheros such as Superman and The Avengers, invented cartoons that symbolize the childhoods of the youth such as Mickey Mouse and Scooby Doo, and globalized figures such as Martin Luther King Jr. There is no doubt that these idols represent positive images that spread influential ideas to other countries, but these positive ideas are only a small fraction of what American popular culture is. AmericanRead MoreTaking a Look at Pop culture1459 Words   |  6 Pages Pop Culture A variety of different genres make up what we read, listen to and watch in society. Each theme tells a different aspect of how a book is being told. These personal thought come through an individual’s style of how they write. Their writings reflect off of what the theme is based on. Themes are categorized by different subjects in the world. Each theme tends to reflect off their society and how history was made. Pop culture is a big theme that manyRead MorePopular Culture is Not the Devil1056 Words   |  5 PagesPopular Culture Is Not The Devil Many people can agree that popular culture is invasive, but the opinions differ on how invasive it actually is and whether it is harmful or beneficial. In David Denby’s Buried Alive: Our Children and the Avalanche of Crud, he clearly states his opinion of popular culture and how it has invaded his home and the attitude of his children. The main source of popular culture according to Denby is the media, which has become â€Å"three-dimensional, inescapable, omnivorousRead MorePop Culture Mix Modes Rough Draft1471 Words   |  6 PagesRebekah Brickeen Ms. Howard AP English 11 6 December 2016 Pop Culture Mix Modes Rough Draft During the teenage years, pop culture becomes very important and has a major influence on a teen’s daily life. Pop culture begins to have negative effect on teens when they begin to change themselves to fit into the social standards created by modern TV stars, fashion icons, and musical artists. It is fine to be interested in wealthy and famous people, because they are without a doubt, interesting and itRead MoreDifferentiating between Good and Bad Artists1038 Words   |  4 PagesDifferentiating Between Good and Bad Artists Is it about the music, or the Fame Monster? that is a serious question in the age of contemporary pop music (Leopold 2012). As Todd Leopold shows in his article Has Image Taken over Music? there are an increasing number of individuals within the music industry more interested in fame than perfecting their musical craft and achieving true recognition as a genuine artist. Although there is not a clear distinction between good and bad artists, the argumentRead MoreTechnology Is Laziness Essay803 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 101-Essay 3 Mr. Fisher July 5th 2010 Laziness as Pop Culture along with Technology Let’s face it, laziness due to technological advancements is part of our Pop culture and is causing downward trending of active people and has been an increasing issue. So what’s causing this rising laziness to grow exponentially? We as human beings have an urge to invent things daily that make our lives easier and eventually take physical labor out of the equation. Most look at innovation as humanityRead MoreEssay on Music- The Beginning of the End 1075 Words   |  5 Pagesbefore it is even born. Music has a huge impact on pop culture. What is popular culture some may ask? Well you can break pop culture up into two words, popular and culture. In Merriam- Webster Popular is defined as commonly liked or approved (â€Å"Popular†). The word Culture is defined in the same dictionary as the act of developing the intellectual and moral faculties especially by education (â€Å"Culture†). With that said, is this pop culture hit a good influence on childrens†™ lives. Musicians don’t seemRead MoreIs K-Pop a Good Influence or Bad Influence?1425 Words   |  6 PagesDoes K-Pop Brings A Good Influence for Teenagers? What is K-Pop? K-pop or known as Korean Pop is a new music genre that was originally come from South Korea, Asia. Some say K-pop offered another style of music which has catchier and offer easy listening songs for their lovers. What makes it different too is that the style the singer has shown is something new for us and how they can deliver music on their own way that I believe none of this ever existed before. Just like how they could mix perfectlyRead MorePop Cultures Influence on Teenagers Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesPop culture, a phenomenon, that has taken root all across the nation. The misleading term culture contact doesnt begin to express the dramatic effects of changes brought by outsiders the shock of contact has taken many forms, initially, at least, to indigenous people just the physical presence of outsiders was shocking. As Northrop Frye would put it, â€Å"Popular art is normally decried as vulgar by the cultivated people of its time; then it loses favor with i ts original audience as a new generation

Care of the Older Patient for Nursing Management- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCare of the Older Patient for Nursing Management. Answer: The present paper will discuss the nursing management of an aging patient in reference to the theories of aging. To clearly understand these concepts a case study of an elderly patient recently interviewed will be used. Their illness pathophysiology and comorbid conditions will be discussed and linked to theories of aging that have been put forth. The impact of the disease on the patient will be addressed with some ethical and legal issues as pertaining to their care will be established. Lastly, evidence-based approaches to the care of the patient will be discussed. This is with an objective to help the nursing care team accommodate the elderly in quality care provision using evidence as a guarantee. Patient summary The patient is R.S, an eighty-three-year-old female. She is a retired hotel attendant and had worked for over forty years in the hotel and hospitality industry. She currently owns a chain of small-scale restaurants that she started with her husband. She is a widow with six children, the youngest being twenty-nine years old. She presented to the cardiac clinic with complaints of dyspnea, easy fatigability, and chest pain. A diagnosis of stable angina due to coronary heart disease was made on history and confirmed by a coronary angiogram. She is a known hypertensive for the past ten years and was on medication. She also complained of stiff joints and reduced range of motion in her joints especially the lower limbs. An impression of ongoing arthritis was made. She, however, is obese but not diabetic. Her past medical history revealed a past history of angina, fracture of the left femur due to a fall from a height and a previous surgery for cataracts. Her social and family history showed that she lived with an assistant who was hired by her eldest son to take care of her needs. She was not a smoker and did has never used alcohol before. Her husband died when she was seventy-two years old from a myocardial infarction. She has fears that she will succumb to the same fate since she has the same symptoms her husband exhibited. Pathophysiology Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease caused by defective, narrowed coronary vessels usually due to atherosclerosis (Colledge, Walker Ralston, 2013). The typical presentation is angina, which is acute chest pain due to myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction and heart failure (Glynn Drake, 2014). The patient presented with stable angina, a coronary syndrome due to fixed atheromatous stenosis of one or more coronary vessels causing ischemia. An atheroma is an aggregation of lipid plague in the vessel wall. It forms when an inflammatory reaction in the vessel wall recruiting macrophages forming foam cells. There is then an intracellular lipid accumulation as the defect grows larger. In response to the macrophages, the smooth muscles of the vessel wall media migrate to the intima covering the lipid core with smooth muscle (Chilton, 2013). This covering although narrowing the vessel, stabilizes the atheroma forming a fixed atheromatous plague. The atheroma ages in that angiogenesis lead to the provision of blood supply and deposition of calcium (Chilton, 2013). A fibrous cap forms to top the atheroma. The edge of this cap is important in the pathogenesis of the acute coronary syndromes as they are prone to rupture. In the end, the plague will consist of a lipid core with necrotic tissue capped by a fibrous cap (Chilton, 2013). If the vessel occlusion is large enough then the blood supply to the part of the heart distal to supplying vessel experiences ischemic changes. The initial one is angina, a form of chest pain. it is a syndrome rather than a disease. There is an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Due to fixed atheroma, the chest pain is predictable following sessions of exertion. This is explainable as the heart oxygen demands rise on any physical activity as it tries to maintain whole body perfusion. This pain is generally relieved by rest which reduces demand. However, this syndrome occurs in a continuum as the atheroma can become compromised or rapture, giving rise to unstable angina which is worse and is not relieved by rest. On the extreme end of this continuum is myocardial infarction which occurs when there is total occlusion of blood supply leading to ischemic death of myocardium, the so-called heart attack (Colledge, Walker Ralston, 2013). Contributing factors The contributing factors to coronary heart disease are many. They include age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia or obesity, smoking, chronic kidney disease, sedentary lifestyle involving intake of unsaturated fats and lack of aerobic exercise, and stress (Daviglus et al, 2012). These are termed cardiovascular risk factors and either increase the chance of forming an atheroma or modify the bodies way of dealing with it. Obesity and hyperlipidemia increase the bodys low-density lipoprotein levels which are involved in atheroma formation. Smoking cessation is the single most important modifiable risk factor for heart disease and cessation has been associated with the low chance of coronary heart disease (Daviglus et al, 2012). Hypertension is associated with hardening of vessels and ventricular hypertrophy. Hardened vessels easily occlude with cholesterol and an enlarged heart leads to increased oxygen demand. Another risk factor is social stress (Daviglus et al, 2012). Theories of aging The theories of aging try to make sense of the aging process and its implications (MacNee, Rabinovich, Choudhury, 2014). The psychosocial theories of aging include the continuity theory, disengagement theory, and the activity theory. The activity theory of aging was introduced in 1961 by Havighurst and postulates that life satisfaction can be achieved if one maintains the normal activity of middle years (Diggs, 2015). He postulated that an aging individual has the same psychological needs as those of a middle-aged individual but due to social disruption lie isolation, retirement and loss of ability to participate may make the older individual lose their identity and self-esteem. A person will be considered to age well if they continue with the activity of youth or find innovative ways to replace them with new ones. The disengagement theory postulates that as one ages they naturally withdraw from society and social norms (Johnson Mutchler, 2014). It assures that this is normal for an aging person and should be expected. It is made up of several postulates that try to justify why older people disengage: the expectation of death, fewer contacts, evolving ego, and loss of roles. This theory encourages a sedentary lifestyle as the patient is isolated from most situations. The continuity theory of aging postulates that despite the aging process personality and basic behavior patterns remain constant in an individual. Miller, (2004) developed the functional consequences theory that helps to explain the correlation between age and health. It provides a framework for the promotion of the wellness in older patients (Campbell Hughes, 2016). It aids the nurses in focusing reducing the negative effects that are age-related and removing the risk factors so as to improve the wellness of the elderly patients. It helps the nurses to recognize that the older adults have a potential for growth. With this, they are able to come up with the nursing diagnosis that cultivates a sense of dignity and value. Miller's theory enables nurses to be holistic when dealing with the aged. It focusses on age-related changes, environmental factors, modifiable risk factors and unmodifiable risk factors (McMahon Fleury, 2012). It is termed the nursing theory of aging. In cardiovascular disease, age-related changes include thickening of valves and stiffening of musculature due to deposition of calcium. This reduces the cardiov ascular reserve and it cant effectively compensate large alterations in function. The vessels become stiffer and more predisposed to injury, the so-called vascular theory of aging. Impact of the condition on patient life. The impacts of this condition on the patients life are large. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a measurable concept that addresses the individuals responses to living with the condition taking in consideration recreational activities, social, emotional, sexual, personal and occupational relationships (Thompson Yu, 2013). Measurement is in two modules, generic and disease-specific. Some tools relevant to our patient include Seattle Angina questionnaire and Cardiovascular Limitations and Symptoms Profile (CLASP) (Thompson Yu, 2013). With exertional dyspnea and angina, daily activities are restricted and quality of life is greatly reduced. Some cases require hospitalization further complicating their life. The economic burden of treating heart disease is substantial and without a good socioeconomic support, it might prove difficult to manage the chronic condition (Mory?, Bellwon, Hfer, Rynkiewicz, Grucha?a, 2016). The patient will have diet restriction, social restrictions in cluding stopping alcohol and smoking, exercise restriction thus denying them a chance to enjoy their favorite activities and the psychological stress associated with the chronicity (Thompson Yu, 2013). Ethical issues in the management of older patients. Older patients may face discrimination, victimization or disregard for their dignity due to their perceived or actual disability or helplessness (Hinkle Cheever, 2013). The basic ethical principles of medical practice should still apply to the care of the elderly including autonomy, beneficence, justice, and non-maleficence (Kane, Ouslander, Abrass, Resnick, 2013). Autonomy refers to the patients right to control ones care (Kane, Ouslander, Abrass, Resnick, 2013). It is the principle most emphasized in the concept of patient-centered care where the patient has the right to choose the treatment options and make an informed decision. Informed consent to be sought before any procedure is sought. Beneficence refers to the nursing care provided that is towards doing so and not causing harm (Kane, Ouslander, Abrass, Resnick, 2013). All medical decisions should be to the benefit of the patient. It is the duty of the care provider to inform the patient the best possible care plan. Non-ma leficence simply refers to the principle of doing no harm (Kane, Ouslander, Abrass, Resnick, 2013). No decision made should compromise on the safety and well-being of the patient. Justice refers to the fair, equitable and appropriate distribution of care in the society (Kane, Ouslander, Abrass, Resnick, 2013). The elder patient should receive the same level and quality of care and consideration as anyone else. The appropriate model of care A care plan has to be implemented to take into consideration the multimorbidity of her conditions, fragility, polypharmacy, and cognition (Pi Hu, 2016). She is a diagnosed hypertensive with obesity and now diagnosed stable angina with signs of arthritis. The management should be multidisciplinary to maximize expertise and competency. The team should include primary care, geriatricians, cardiology specialists, physical therapy, nursing team and nutritionist. According to Wee, Burns, Bett, (2015), the typical strategy used should be to access cardiovascular risk in conjunction with comorbid conditions, cardiac management tailored to fit the diagnosis and rehabilitative care to improve functionality and finally preventive measures to avoid an acute coronary syndrome that can be immediately fatal. Management of stable angina relies on the risk assessment to decide on the need for surgical revascularization (Wee, Burns, Bett, 2015). Risk assessment takes into account risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, smoking, clinical evaluation using stress echocardiography, ECG, lab tests and coronary angiography (Kavousi et al, 2012). Medical management involves pain relief for angina using short-acting nitrate drugs, antianginal medication using beta blockers and calcium channel blockers (Jarvis Saman, 2017). Event prevention using aspirin is also recommended. Lifestyle modification plays an important role in cardiovascular risk reduction. They include cessation of smoking, control of blood pressure, eating a healthy diet, weight reduction, screening for sleep apnea and vaccination for influenza (Wee, Burns, Bett, 2015). In conclusion, the management of an older patient is as important as any other age group. The management has to take into consideration the ethical and legal implications and still be precise. The case study presented was of a patient with stable angina, a syndrome indicative of coronary heart disease due to atherosclerosis. The psychosocial theories of aging which include the activity theory, continuity theory, and disengagement theories link to the causation of coronary heart disease. Millers functional theory further outlays aging and health as a link that can be modified for good wellbeing of the elderly patient. References. Campbell, C., Hughes, M., (2016). The use of functional consequences theory. The Journal of gerontological nursing. 22(1):27-36 Chilton, R.J. (2013). Pathophysiology of coronary heart disease: a brief review. Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 104(9), 5S8S. Colledge, N., Walker, R, Ralston, S. (2013). Davidsons Principles and Practice of Medicine. (21st ed). New York, N.Y: Edinburgh. Daviglus, M.L., Talavera, A., Avils-Santa, L., Allison, M., Cai, J., Criqui, M., Stamler, J. (2012). Prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases among Hispanic/Latino individuals of diverse backgrounds in the United States. JAMA, 308(17), 17751784. Diggs, J. (2015). Activity theory of aging. Encyclopedia of Aging and Public Health. Boston, MA: Springer. Glynn, M. Drake, W. (2014). Hutchinsons Clinical Methods: an integrated approach to clinical practice. London: Elsevier Hinkle, J.L, Cheever, K.H. (2013). Brunner and Saddarths Textbook of Medical and Surgical Nursing, (13th ed) Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Jarvis, S., Saman, S. (2017) Diagnosis, management and nursing care in acute coronary syndrome. Nursing Times,113(3), 31-35. Johnson, J., Mutchler, E. (2014). The emergence of a positive gerontology: from disengagement to social involvement. The Gerontologist, 54(1), 93100. Kane, L., Ouslander J.G., Abrass, I.B., Resnick, B. (2013). Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics. (7ed). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Kavousi, M., Elias-Smale, S., Rutten, H., Leening, J., Vliegenthart, R., Verwoert, C., Witteman, M. (2012). Evaluation of newer risk markers for coronary heart disease risk classification: a cohort study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 156, 438444 MacNee, W., Rabinovich, A., Choudhury, G. (2014). Aging and the border between health and disease. European Respiratory Journal, 44 (5), 1332-1352. McMahon, S., Fleury, J. (2012). Wellness in older adults: a concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 47(1), 39-51. Miller, J. (2004). Wellness: The history and development of a concept. Spektrum Freizeit. 27, 84106. Mory?, J. M., Bellwon, J., Hfer, S., Rynkiewicz, A., Grucha?a, M. (2016). Quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease after myocardial infarction and with ischemic heart failure. Archives of Medical Science,12(2), 326333. Pi, H., Hu, X. (2016). Nursing care in old patients with heart failure: current status and future perspectives. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 13(5), 387-390. Thompson, D. R., Yu, C. (2013). Quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease-I: Assessment tools. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 1, 42. Wee, Y., Burns, K., Bett, N. (2015). Medical management of chronic stable angina. Australian Prescriber, 38(4), 131136. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2015.042

Katherine Chopin Has A Different Opinion Of Love, Marriage, Than Most

Katherine Chopin has a different opinion of love, marriage, than most writers of her day. In her writing she indicates to her readers that marriage, though built on a foundation of love can not contain passion. Love is considered a feeling that inspires passion, and romance. It continues on throughout the marriage, but the passion and romance are lost somewhere in the struggles of married life. This loss can also occur in the task of raising children, causing a sort of neglect for the love of one's life. Passion is what inspires an individual to do anything. Chopin it seems is saying that this is an impossibility in marriage in the since of love or sexual relationship. Passion however can be found outside the marriage with other sexual partners. It can also be found in other areas such as in "The Story of an Hour." The main character in this story exemplifies this truth by the statement made after she got over the shock of her husband's death, "Free, free, free!" Her passion came from the realization that she was once again free to do as she wished. Marriage it seems is considered somewhat sacred even though it was almost as if it was acceptable for extramarital relations to take place in Chopin's stories. She seems to think this act of breaking the holy vows of marriage was a justifiable act.

Take an email break - Emphasis

Take an email break Take an email break Heres one to tell your manager about: taking time out at work to dip into your personal email can be good for employees morale. Research by email provider GMX has found that 69 per cent of UK workers will spend time working through their own inboxes on company time (or at least thats how many admitted to it). And one in three of these people said that these brief breaks actually offered much-needed light relief in the midst of daily responsibilities (they would though, wouldnt they?). Be it exchanging a joke with a friend, sorting out your evening plans or merely a moment of writing in an informal style for a change, youll probably return to the task at hand the fresher for it. While no-one is suggesting that spending hours on end scouring YouTube or throwing virtual sheep at people is a valuable or reasonable use of your workday, reminding yourself that youre not a report-writing automaton (before getting back to writing that report of course) is definitely worth a cheeky five minutes. Happy workers are productive workers, right?

Build your Author Street Team in 4 Simple Steps

Build your Author Street Team in 4 Simple Steps Authors: Build Your Street Team in 4 Simple Steps Last updated: 2017/12/07â€Å"No man is an island,† as the old poem goes. In much the same way, you don’t get to become a successful writer without some help along the way.  When you're marketing your book, companies like  Reedsy can certainly give you access to experienced freelance marketers – but in time you must also learn to rely on your Street Team.2. Finding your ‘first gangers’ Even if you end up with a fabulous book deal down the line, your street team will remain amongst your most important allies during the process of marketing your book. By staying on their radar and not wasting their time with spam, you can keep your street team happy and ready to help you the next time you release a book. Have you put together a street team before? Where did you find them and how did they help you promote your book? Share your thoughts by leaving a comment below.

Contract Law in Marketing Programs Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Contract Law in Marketing Programs - Case Study Example There are many aspects of contract law that form the common law entity in individual countries. Within the United Kingdom there are basic issues addressed within the basic common law contract which include: when and how is a contract formed, when may a party escape obligations of a contract (such as a contract formed under duress or because of a misrepresentation), what is the meaning and effect to be given to the terms of a contract, and, what is the remedy to be given for a breach of contract.1 Within the contract itself, there is the need to have a few explanatives inside the contract which includes an offer of acceptance, consideration and contractual intention for a simple contract to exist, otherwise no consideration is needed. This inclusion of consideration in a contract formation is important to be in place otherwise no consideration will be in place. A consideration under English Law is defined as "a very controversial doctrine comprising a series of sub rules which purport to govern when a promise made by one party may be enforced by the party to whom the promise is made. Consideration in its traditional form in English law means no more no less that this: that, for parties to be able to enforce a promise, they must have given some quid pro quo for it: something in exchange for the promise"2 Rationale / Aims The aim in discussing contract law inside an existing company is to understand their marketing schema while at the same time looking to understand how their marketing methods relate to contract law. The chosen company is British Gas that now forms part of the Centrica group. There are many areas of the British Gas/Centrica marketing plan that can affect or not affect the contractual obligations to the customers and the government. Literature Review Through Centrica's website and their Investor Relationship, it is the objective of British Gas to transform its current objectives with respect to its customer service agenda as well as appealing to the needs of future marketing schemes. The current customer data base shows there are low gas and high gas users and look to segmentation of their customer base by "choosing not to deliver, by exclusion, retention treatments or attempt to cross sell additional products, probably because of their debt profile. When we see the demonstration later of what we call 'screen prompts', one of the potential prompts we may apply to this customer group is the no sale prompt, which is critical for the agent to not waste their time and effort" (Smith, 2003) The marketing schema is not just limited to phone marketing, but also using total household management as well as web online methods. This will allow for the importance of full disclosure. As a prime method of ensuring contract law is followed, the online website requires full disclosure of the contract that the customer is to sign; but, in the other marketing methods such as door-to-door customer signups and phone signups, this is not always possible or not used. The legal information found on the site includes the following privacy

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Project Management - Essay Example The fertile soil of the Delta consists of alluvial and marine deposits; Increasing use of fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides â€Å"are compromising the water and habitat quality of large portions of the Delta ecosystem.† Fish grown and exported provide a large portion of the economy’s export earnings. â€Å"water quality is compromised from the industrial and municipal effluent of the capital city of B. located just northwest of the Delta.† Decrease in numbers of migratory birds in the Delta - affects the newly developing tourism industry. A stakeholder interest and influence chart is devised illustrating the stakeholder groups’ relative interest and influence in the project. This identifies those who should be managed, monitored, or kept informed or satisfied. Additionally, communities and environmentalists are specially interested in reducing pollution; workers in enhancing their livelihoods, and L due to violations of the EEZ. Desperate stakeholder groups are the poorer communities and those facing water shortages in S. Capacity for participation is expected to be greatest by those who stand to benefit economically, especially the tourism industry, and the international and national NGOs. Generally, those stakeholders with the greatest interest coupled with influence will have greater capacities. In keeping with the objective of frank disclosure of project information, fostering a culture of improvement, and stakeholders are encouraged to participate commensurate with their importance and valuable contributions. The WRB requires appropriate structures, mechanisms and systems in place, which all stakeholders must work together to ensure. The purpose of this analysis is to identify the problems and needs of the region, and, to recommend measures for poverty reduction, ecological sustainability and macroeconomic development. In doing so, we seek active involvement of

The Longest Day Essay Example for Free

The Longest Day Essay The primary task of many forms of media, and in this case films, is to entertain an audience. Taking the examples of The Longest Day directed by Darryl F. Zanuck and Saving Private Ryan directed by Steven Spielberg however, it is possible for the audience to look past the story of the D-Day landings at face value and begin to think of the deeper meanings and true purpose of the film. What does the director want to convey with his use of lighting, dialogue or camera movements? How does he or she want the audience to react? Both The Longest Day and Saving Private Ryan have been made for entertainment, but although the clips analysed cover the same event and try to be as histrically accurate as possible, they vary in many ways. In summary, The Longest Days purpose is to convey a historically accurate idea of the D-Day landings and inform its audience of the events that took place. It also glorifies the bravery of the soldiers who took part in the landings. The film is what can be expected of a war film made in the 1960s made less than 20 years after the war ended it tries to pay tribute to the men who risked or gave their lives to their country, some of whom would have been very much alive when the film came out. The purpose of Saving Private Ryan is slightly different. It also tries to convey a historically accurate picture of the landings but focuses more on the horrors of war and the attitudes and reactions of individual soldiers. Both films are aimed at the same audience, which is the whole of society. The two clips can both be split into five sections. Both clips begin with the troops arriving in the landing craft, but the shots are very different. In The Longest Day the landing craft are filmed moving quickly through the water with the soldiers sitting quietly and reasonably relaxed inside them. The commmanders are giving their orders to the troops calmly and clearly. This is a huge parallel to the same scene in Saving Private Ryan. The shots are filmed as though from another landing craft, giving the audience a real feeling of moving through the water and discomfort in the small boats. The conditions are much wetter and rainier and the troops seem much less confident. Some are being sick, some are taking drinks from hip flasks and some are saying prayers and kissing crucifix pendants. Historically, the audience is watching the same day played out in front of them but there is a difference in purpose, as Spielberg is focusing on specific characters rather than the D-Day landings a a whole event. The image of the troops given in Saving Private Ryan therefore seems much more disheartening and depressing than that in The Longest Day. Spielberg has focused on individual soldiers, and has used many more close-ups than Zanuck. This has the effect of the audience feeling like they could themselves be one of the soldiers on the craft, and makes the same shot in The Longest Day seem a lot more comfortable for the troops and appears less tense. In this section, Saving Private Ryan succeeds in extracting emotion from the audience and draws us into the story. The next shot is of the troops disembarking from the landing craft. The biggest difference to be seen is when the ramp of the craft is opened. In The Longest Day, the soldiers begin to cheer and shout as they run up the beach, with very few being shot straight away. In contrast, as the ramp is opened in Saving Private Ryan at least half of the soldiers appear to be killed before they even get out of the landing craft. Men that are not killed jump into the water for safety, and here there is a long section which is not included in The Longest Day. The camera appears to escape the craft with the soldiers and the audience is made to feel as thought they are going underwater as well. As the camera becomes submerged, the sound effects change also. The action above the water becomes muffled and distant but we are remoinded that the soldiers are still not safe, as in front of us we are shown soldiers being shot or drowning. The images Spielberg creates are graphic and disturbing but they are part of the historical facts he tries to convey to the audience. One of the ways in which Saving Private Ryan succeeds in its realism is the editing of scenes in real time. All the events that take place are filmed for the amount of time they would take in real life, for example The Longest Day spends about twenty-five seconds showing the troops disembarking from the landing craft whereas in Saving Private Ryan the same scene takes around a minute and a half. Saving Private Ryan is very realistic but, ironically, Spielberg uses unreal techniques to achieve this; slow motion doesnt occur in real life but when it is used in the clip it works because it shows something beneath the surface of the action. Spielbergs audience is being shown the psychology of the scene and slow motion is used to explore workings of Hanks mind. We look around the beach through his eyes, hear what he hears and experience it with him. A lot of emotion is evoked from the audience in this way. Real time gives us a feeling of involvement in the scene and viewers are made to feel more connected with the characters. In the next section of the clips the troops are getting on to the beach and running up towards the land. Both clips show in detail the injuries many soldiers receive and bring home to the audience some of the horrific deaths that were suffered by them. Brutal realism is widely used but especially in Saving Private Ryan; the audience is shown open wounds, dying men and even a soldier picking up his own arm, all in a very graphic way. A big difference to be seen in this section of both the clips is first or third person narration. As with books, scenes in films usually take on the view of either someone involved in the action (in this case a soldier). by using the camera as eyes and showing what a soldier might see, or showing the action from further away and using the camera to give a wider perspective. The Saving Private Ryan clip is shot almost entirely from a first-person viewpoint, which therefore shows the audience a lot more gory injuries and suffering. A first person viewpoint can often give a much more shocking effect can change the audiences emotions more directly. Spielberg uses this type of filming to bring feelings not only of horror at the situation but sympathy and sadness. The Longest Day is mostly shot from a third-person perspective because its main purpose is to inform the audience, and give the viewer an accurate picture of the situations encountered by soldiers and the action that took place. There are almost no close-ups in the clip, and it seems Zanuck has concentrated on showing us the big picture, whereas Spielberg uses close-up shots to initiate a feeling of friendship between the audience and the characters, as we follow the same characters throughout the film. To show troops moving up the beach. The Longest Day uses a continuous shot which lasts approximately thrity seconds. In this shot the camera pans steadily up the beach, slightly raised from the troops. The audience is given a view along the coastline and is shown hundreds of troops cheering and shouting, running up the beach. This shot is used by Zanuck to give an idea of the vastness of the operation, and to show the viewer the number of lives that were lost even on a a small part of the coastline. As a significant part of this films original audience would have been involved in the war and specifically this operation, Zanuck focuses also on a sense of heroism in the characters, the courage and willpower in the most difficult of situations. At the end of each clip, dialogue between two soldiers takes place, but the tones of voice, attitudes, reactions, and expressions of the characters couldnt be more different. This scene in The Longest Day seems staged and unemotive, as a young soldier is told to go back and get his rifle which he has dropped on the beach, because, as the General tells him, hes sure to need it before this day is over. This sentence seems too structured to be realistic; in a war situation it wouldnt be normal to come out with such a complex sentence. However, the General reassures this young, frightened soldier and the short scene illustrates the kind of bonds that were created between troops. A feeling of security and trust is portrayed to the viewers in the father and son relationship we see on screen. The same scene in Saving Private Ryan shows more spontaneity and realism as a young soldier screams to the commander What the hell do we do now, sir?! . He is panicking because he has no idea what he ought to be doing, but when he asks his commander he too has no clue. There is much confusion and the audience feel uncomfortable and unsafe as we do not know the fate of the people we see before us. The characters are presented in different ways but the important thing that links both the scenes is why the director has decided to introduce the characters at all. By the introduction to the characters of the boy and his superior we start to care about their individual fates, and pathos is used over us to so that we become concerned over whether the characters live or die. Both directors use this to evoke sadness and pity among the audience. One of the most important aspects of the clips to analyse is the directors presentation of war. The Longest Day is an epic, giving an accurate, historical account of the D-Day landings. It conveys to the audience the bravery of the soldiers who fought in the war and the situations they had to deal with. A huge proportion of its original audience would have either fought in the war themselves or been closely related to someone who had, so the purpose of the film would have been to pay tribute to those people. The purpose of Saving Private Ryan is different because almost none or even none at all of its audience would have fought in the war. Spielberg shows us the operation not just from a factual view but from an emotional view and shows us tragedies and horrors. Although the two clips cover exactly the same event we can see that they are very different in style, but even though they were made decades apart from each other there are also a similarities. By comparing and analysing these films so closely, we as an audience can begin to see into the directors minds and realise their hidden purposes behind making the film.

Middle Passage :: essays papers

Middle Passage The triangular trade system was so named because the ships embarked from European ports, stopped in Africa to gather captives, after which they set out for the New World to deliver their "human cargo," and then returned to the port where they had originated. The Middle Passage was that leg of the slave triangle that brought the "human cargo" from West Africa to North America, South America, and the Caribbean. Depending on ship design, weather conditions, and points of departure and arrival, the journey across the middle passage lasted from six weeks to three months. A few days before departure on the slave ships, all enslaved men, women, and children had their heads shaved, supposedly to reduce the spread of disease and facilitate hygiene. On the day of departure for the New World, they gave slaves who had been confined to the holding camps awaiting ships an "abundant" meal, signaling their last hours on their home continent of Africa. They were then stripped naked of their clothes, chained in pairs by the ankles, and taken by canoes, usually at night, to slave ships which were usually anchored in the harbors. Inside the ships, slaves were stacked and crammed into the dark and small holds, which now became their home. The conditions on slave ships repulsive, horrifying, painful, and inhumane. These peoples entire journey was primarily spent sitting on top of each other on wooden plank floors. Besides many diseases, ship holds were poorly ventilated, sometimes causing suffocation during storms when the few existing hatches had to be closed. And of course, normal bodily functions had to be done: people used the restroom, bled, vomited, coughed, sneezed, died, etc., all in the holds of slave ships. In addition to the stench of slave ships, the practice of throwing dead and dying slaves overboard brought sharks from miles around to feed on the bodies. Many people committed suicide by jumping overboard or hanging themselves with any available rope. It has been said that "if the Atlantic Ocean were to dry up today, there would be a trail of human bones stretching from Africa to the Americ as.

Motivation Plan. About my mentor Essay

Tangie Stevenson works for Medicredit Corporation, which is a Management and Recovery Agency, better known as The Outsource Group. This agency is a third party collection agency which a third-party collection agency is as agency that was not a party to the original contract between a creditor first-party and a debtor second-party. In most cases, a third-party collection agency is used once internal first-party collection efforts have been considered unsuccessful. First-party collection agency usually lasts for a period of months before the debt is turned over to a third-party collection agency. A creditor assigns accounts to a third-party collection agency for a fee. The fee differs depending on a wide variety of factors ranging from the collection agency that the creditor chooses to work with, to the number and type of accounts that will be submitted on a routine basis. The fee can be as simple as a flat fee per account submitted or a performance percentage fee on each amount that is collected. In some cases, it may be a combination of both. It is dependent upon the relationship that is agreed upon. As a collections manager Tangie oversee’s all activities related to the company’s credit and collections. She is responsible for formulating, implementing, and maintaining credit and collections policies, monitoring collections and past due accounts, reporting on the activities of the accounts receivable department, and ensuring timely collection of customer accounts receivables. She also provides training, direction, and evaluation of credit and collections employees. In addition to overseeing the collection department staff, she tracks customer feedback through the review of incoming letters, emails, and phone calls and the analytical data collected through outside reporting agencies. She also identifies errors or glitches in collection procedures and recommends solutions to increase collections on delinquent accounts while ensuring customer satisfaction and retention. The Plan I have established a plan to keep the employees in Tangie’s department motivated and satisfied. Keeping employees motivated and satisfied are important elements of not only getting the most out of your employees, but also in retaining your best employees. The best employees are always in high demand, and will change companies if they are not kept motivated and satisfied at work. It doesn’t matter what you build, invent or sell; your organization can’t move forward without people. CEOs, company founders and managers the world over know that keeping the teams beneath them moving forward together in harmony means the difference between winning and dying. The plan that can be applied to Tangie’s department that would increase the motivation, satisfaction and performance would be to first, have the team members build ownership among themselves. They must feel as if they own the place and not just work here. Once of the principles of self-managed teams is to organize around a whole service or product. One way to inspire this feeling is to have each of the members become familiar with what the other members are doing, allowing them to bring their ideas for improvement to the table and have input in the entire process. If the roles are too specialized, have each of the members of the team exchange responsibilities often. This all makes them feel like â€Å"it’s mine†, and most people, when it’s theirs, really don’t want to fail. Next, you must trust the employees to leave their comfort zones. This means to allow them to do more than one specific task, it will allow them to grow and become more confident in their abilities while making them feel more valuable to the organization. Even though as a manager it may feel like allowing individuals to try new things presents a risk to productivity or places workers outside of their established place, it heads off other issues. The bigger risk is having people get burnt out or bored. Then, is to keep the team informed; business leaders have a clearer perspective on the bigger picture than their employees do. It’s really important to tell subordinates what’s going on. What a manager may take for common knowledge about how things are going or what challenges are down the road, employees should be informed of. Spreading the intel lets everyone in on the lay of the land and at the same time strengthens the feeling among workers that they are an important asset to the organization. Then, is the fact that your employees are adults so treat them as such. This is also important when it comes to motivation and satisfaction in the organization. Employees need to be dealt with in a respectable manner. In any organization there is going to be bad news. It could have to do with the individual or the company as a whole but just remember to treat employees accordingly. As a manager, if you choose to keep people in the dark about trying times or issues, the fallout could be more serious than the issue itself. When people are left out, they tend to make things up. An important part of the plan is to remember that money matters, but not as much as you think. Compensation packages are a big deal when employees are hired, but once hired the motivation tends to go downhill. The motivation then comes from things like the challenge of the work, the purpose of the work, the opportunity to learn, and the opportunity to contribute. Last, is to reward and recognize employees if they’ve done something truly outstanding. Instead of telling others that your employees are doing such a great job, take the time to bring a specific person into your office or write an email or note along with that person’s paycheck to let him know that his work is truly outstanding. Rewarding them with small gifts like tickets to a movie, a gift certificate to a grocery store or even highly wish for tickets to a sports game is a good reward. Reward employees with time off, you will be astounded to see how quickly your employees get to work when you offer to let them leave a little early or if you give them the option of coming to work a little late the next day. Reference Forbes. (2013). 7 Ways to Keep Your Employees Happy (And Working Really Hard). Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/karstenstrauss/2013/09/08/7-ways-to-keep-your-employees-happy-and-working-really-hard/

Gibson Insurance Company

Overview Gibson Insurance Company has tasked Rebecca Hampton, the controller, with reviewing the company's allocation of corporate support costs in order to better assign the cost attributed to product lines and business units. This is important because it would help to provide better information for pricing decisions, sales compensation, and focus on areas in cost improvement. Gibson sells two categories of financial products: annuities and life insurance. They are both sold by in-house sales agents.Gibson decided to start purchasing other corporations in order to quickly grow the company’s customer base and its assets under management (AUM). GIC acquired Compton Insurance Services and Midwest Mutual Insurance Company, and although they all sold the same services, the prices and features were different. Gibson had a decision to make: keep the new acquisitions as separate legal entities, or completely absorb them into its corporate system. GIC chose to keep them as separate le gal entities, and treat them as wholly owned subsidiaries for legal and financial reporting purposes.Rebecca decided to re-evaluate the cost allocation structure. She chose to list them under 4 categories: Policy Acquisition, Customer Service, Sales and Marketing, and Corporate Overhead. All Relevant Issues Gibson Insurance main issue is its cost allocation system that allocates support costs to its various product lines based on total number of policies. This provided for an inadequate application of resources for each business unit and product line. For example, selling a new policy takes more resources and effort than maintaining an in-force policy.Another concern is a decline in profitability although the sales volumes are increasing. This is possibly due to hidden cost problems or incorrectly set prices. After a breakdown of support cost, Gibson also had a issue with possible inefficiency of processes. Hampton felt as though they used to many resources with selling new policies . Relationships Among Important Issues GIC’s current cost allocation system provides for a inadequate allocation of cost. With the true costs for each division and product line mis represented Gibson is unable to accurate set prices to match expenses of products.This also does not allow them to identify problem areas, or inefficient processes, in need of attention. With those two issues secretly effecting the books, GIC profitability has suffered. Relationships of Case Issues to Aim of the Company Gibson’s poor cost allocation and lost in profits has it wanting to develop a new allocation method. With this new method they will be able to more accurately apply resource cost and pricing to specific business units and products. After implementing the new drivers they will be able to streamline processes to lower costs.Making these changes will allow Gibson to get to gain control of costs and by affect its profitability. New Problem Statement Resulting from Case Analysis G ibson is concerned about its current allocation of corporate support costs. Currently it feels the resources of various business units are not properly assigned. Rebecca Hampton, the controller, must come up with a new allocation method to obtain a better handle on profitability, product pricing and agent compensation, and current costs. Objectives – verifying the old or developing new based on analysis Gibson Insurance main objective is to improve profitability.Its second objective is to better control pricing and resource allocation. To control pricing and resources, Gibson third objective is to develop a new cost allocation method based on different cost drivers. Finally Gibson aims to streamline its processes in the future to further lower cost to increase profit. Statement of Alternatives After analyzing the case we have come up with five possible alternatives for Gibson Insurance company. First, Gibson can choose to use the new cost drivers, developed by Hampton, to rea llocate costs to provide a more accurate picture of indirect costs.Second, Gibson can choose to reanalyze cost to come up with different cost drivers also to provide a more accurate picture of indirect costs. Third, they can redivide the support services to individual business units. This will help eliminate the simple allocation issue. Only the cost incurred in each department of the business entity will be attributed to the operations of the business entity. Fourth, Gibson can separate the individual product lines support. They can have have four separate departments for new and in-force insurance and annuities.This will dial in the cost not only to individual product cost but what status these products use the most resources. It can turn much of the indirect cost into direct costs. Lastly, Gibson can choose to do nothing. It can continue to use current method of allocation and make educated guess on what costs are incorrect and what prices are set correct. This option is not an i deal one because Gibson is currently losing money. After choosing and implementing one of the above options, Gibson can begin to work on underlying issues.They can use the new cost allocation analysis to see if any area of business is in need of adjustment. It can then decide if price meets the cost demands of division and product line. Action Plan We agree with Gibson’s controller that the new way of allocating costs is the best plan of action for Gibson. Under the old system, costs were broken up by separate legal entities and product lines. Using the old method, Midwest has $5,087,166 in total support costs, while Gibson has $5,080,997 and Compton has $3,751,837 totaling $13,920,000.The new method calls for the allocation of costs based on cost drivers, which Hampton divided into four categories: policy acquisition, customer service, sales and marketing and other corporate support. Each cost account is driven by a cost driver. Policy acquisition is driven by the number of steps required to move a new policy application to an in-force status. Customer service costs are driven by the number of incoming calls. Sales and marketing costs are driven by the number of solicitation needed to sell a product. Lastly, other corporate costs are determined by the dollar value of AUM.The total support costs of $13,920,000 is broken up into $4,375,000 in policy acquisition costs, $2,426,000 in customer service costs, $4,552,000 in sales and marketing costs and lastly $2,567,000 in other corporate support costs. The new cost allocation system allows Gibson to identify where the costs are emanating from. It helps them identify where they can cut costs and where to focus their resources to meet their aim. By employing the new system, the per units costs for each cost-driver is as follows: $42. 20 per step, $44. 06 per customer service call, $10. 2 per sales solicitation call and $14. 92 per policy for the overhead costs. Under the new system it was found that Compton h as the support highest costs, as opposed to the old system where Midwest had the highest cost. The costs for new life insurance policies makes up 40% of the total costs, which is $5,609,243. However, the new life insurance policies bring in $19,200,000 in AUM for Gibson. Yes, it is costing Gibson more to bring in new policies, but new customers are expensive because they take away from the profit. Therefore, we do not see any problem with this plan.Moreover, the new plan allows them to see that the in-force policies are not costing them anything, which tells them to focus their resources on the new-policies for both the product lines. By analyzing we decided that it is definitely costing Gibson more to bring in life-insurance policies than annuities. For example, it takes five steps to complete a policy acquisition for life insurance compared to only two steps for annuities. Also, it takes them 10 extra sales solicitations per policy for life-insurance compared to annuities. We also feel that 20 solicitation calls for one life-insurance is expensive.It costs $881. 22 to make 20 calls and the AUM for a new life-insurance policy is only $1500, so the profit margin is less than 60%. Perhaps they can train their sales employees to better perform each call and sell a policy with less number of calls. By doing this they will be able to cut their sales and marketing costs by 50% and increase their profits. Their total sales and marketing costs will go from $4,552,000 to $2,276,000 and it brings down the new life-policy costs from $5,609,243 to $4,326,989, which will make their product line more profitable and bring in more profits for Gibsons Inc.Knowing Constraints – Potential Problems Gibson Insurance Company also has to deal with potential problems. If they break up the costs into individual processes, they could possibly spend a lot more money and time than they need to. By gathering the data and breaking it up into many costs accounts will eventually cost them more in terms of management compensation, rather than helping them save. Also by implementing a new training program we may have resistance from current employees because they may feel that they are doing their job correctly without needing more training.Analysis’ Presentation Leads to Definition of Problem By analyzing the cost structure and re-allocation the costs with the new cost drivers, we have determined that the problem is the cost of sales solicitation and, possibly, the price that Gibson is charging for its insurance policies. Develops, Justifies, and Rank Objectives Gibson has five objectives. Their primary objective is to improve their profits, which requires that they prioritize other objectives, which will help them reach their goal of maximizing profit.By developing a new cost allocation method based on different cost drivers helps them to find places where they need control costs and resources, which helps them maximize profit. Develops and Weighs Altern atives We have listed five different options for Gibson to choose from. First option is to go with Hampton new cost drivers and reallocate cost on that basis. By choosing to go with the controller’s numbers we will save time and money on research vs Option 2. After we do that we will have a more accurate picture of cost and resource allocation. This will allow Gibson to work on specific reas of cost that may be hindering the company such as the number of sales solicitations. By implementing the new training program we can reduce sales and marketing by 50% by cutting the contacts needed in half. Second, Gibson can choose to reanalyze cost to come up with different cost drivers also to provide a more accurate picture of indirect costs. By going back and re-evaluating the drivers it would take more management resources. We would need to pull department heads off jobs and waste time possibly to return to the with same drivers that are already presented.So by choosing the first al ternative we can get the new cost implemented faster and begin work on fixing problems sooner. Third, they can redivide the support services to individual business units. This will help eliminate the simplify allocation issue. Only the cost incurred in each department of the business entity will be attributed to the operations of the business entity. This will not be ideal because it would require additional spending on recruiting new personnel including management. Fourth, Gibson can separate the individual product lines support.They can have have four separate departments for new and in-force insurance and annuities. This will dial in the cost not only to individual product cost but what status these products use the most resources. It can turn much of the indirect cost into direct costs. This will prove to be an inefficient method of allocating cost. Gibson would need to assign more resources to hiring personnel and restructuring processes. Gibson would possibly have to redesign it entire operating process to separate its departments and consolidating its different products line from different companies under one business entity.It would also have to deal with the backlash of current customers who may run into problems during the shift. Lastly, Gibson can choose to do nothing. It can continue to use current method of allocation and make educated guess on what costs are incorrect and what prices are set correct. This option is not an ideal one because Gibson is currently losing money. Selects Appropriate Alternative After analyzing the alternatives, we decided pick the first alternative that calls for to use the cost drivers developed Hampton.The costs are divided into four different costs namely, policy acquisition, customer service, sales and marketing and other corporate support. Each cost has cost driver, which decides the total cost for that cost account. Policy acquisition costs are driven by the number of steps required to move a new application to in -force status, which is two steps for annuities and five steps for life insurance. Number of incoming customer calls drive the cost for customer service while the number of sales solicitation drives the cost for sales and marketing costs.And finally, corporate overhead costs are driven by the dollar value of AUM. This plan will facilitate the decision process for the management because it helps them see where the costs are emanating and where they better turn their resources. For example, by allocating the costs differently they were able to see that Compton has the highest support costs at $5,100,202. 17 as oppose to the last plan where Midwest had the highest cost. It also allowed them to see that the in-force policies are not costing them anything in terms of policy acquisition and sales and marketing costs.This tells them which product line is more profitable and which is not, so they focus their resources accordingly. By finding where the costs are stemming from, they will be a ble to better control the costs thereby increasing their profits, which is their primary objective and that is that the first alternative is appropriate alternative for Gibson. Probability of Success This action plan will be successful for Gibson because it will help the managers realize where the majority of their costs stem from. It will also help them determine where they should be focusing their attention to.

SWOT Analysis for Amazon Company

SWOT Analysis for Amazon Company Amazon.com Inc, commonly denoted as (AMZN) is a leading global electronic commercial company and the most visited internet retail shopping destination internationally.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on SWOT Analysis for Amazon Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main headquarters of the company is in Seattle, Washington. Commercial icon, Jeff Bezos founded the company in the early 90s as Cadabra and later renamed it as Amazon.com. Amazon sells a variety of products, such as books, video, consumer electronics, music, household products and clothing (Mennen, 2010). The following is a detailed SWOT analysis of the company. Strengths Amazon.com, the U.S. largest internet retailer, commands three times the revenue of its close rival, the Staples Inc. It sells educating and entertaining media products. Amazon has had enormous acquisitions that resulted in the growth and faster delivery of purchased products. In the recent past, Amazon.com boasts on its strategy of rebuilding and investing in Research and Development, establishment of technology and innovative research centers. Seven years ago, it invested $700 million to establish offices for customer services, fulfillment and software development centers majorly in America, Europe and Asia. Moreover, the viewers’ assessments and comments provide feedback for any adjustment aimed at increasing revenue (Bangs, 2002). Weaknesses For the past four years since 2006, Amazon’s profits were negative implying that they are not able to cover operational costs. Outsource delivery firms contribute to low earnings and Amazon Associates, their marketers, receives 40% of revenue for marketing efforts. There have been reports of price bias within the Amazon marketing strategies. For example, DVD prices are different on some buyers. This posed as a competitive and a divisive barrier in on-line trading. In 2008, it received a lot of critics for i nhibiting publishers from directly selling at a compromise from their websites. The reason behind was that Amazon does not prioritize on those customers with heavy purchasing power. It has also reduced most of its services to major customers. Recently, it attracted negative publicity due frequent tax avoidance in Britain and U.S. Amazon is also under criticism for poor warehouse environment for staff, price discrimination and anti-competitive actions. Amazon sells products at zero margins to reap the market and do away with the competition. Though it is a tactical strategy in the short term, it reduces the profits in the long run (Madura, 2007). Competitors, on the other hand, will adapt by undertaking a differentiation strategy, thus losing customers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Opportunities There are plenty of opportunities for Amazon to invest and uphold cu stomer beliefs that endorse the customer’s allegiance towards the company. Investing into technology is desirable for all their phases of interaction with buyers and suppliers which will augment the company’s reliability (Stubbs, 2011). Ventures in carrying out will present an enlarged level of sincere customer services, therefore, meeting consumer prospects. Moreover, partnerships in the private and community division such as with the famous British Library, will offer the surrounding community with the essential services of being competent to search for historical books. Amazon must initiate joint ventures, acquisitions and partnerships in order to increase the delivery time and efficiency. Amazon should consider partnering with other firms especially for the on-line retailing to promote seasonal stuff and attract new customers. Amazon can pursue niche clients by providing goods and services in diverse cultures and religions. They can also open more online retail sto res in those countries experiencing growing economies such as Asia and Europe so as to maintain growth levels. The company can consider releasing their own products and services and brands in its markets. Threats Amazon customers have to wait longer to take their delivery as compared with the time they can get from nearby retail stores. The enormous internet trade has attracted a lot of competitors making it difficult for Amazon to differentiate their services. Increasing delivery costs impacts negatively on the end user giving rise to poor reputation of the company. New alliances, networks and partnerships, shaped by the rival firms have strengthened battle for the market, thus increasing the marketing cost (Weber, 2010). High delivery period and charge have a tendency to divert the present and potential customers to regional bookstores. This gives rise to loss of revenues on those customers opting for local retail stores other than shopping at the Amazon website. When a customer m akes a transaction, personal bank details leak to unauthorized persons, therefore, posing a security threat leaving customers with an option to make their purchases on local bookstores. Concerns, over how these global companies avoid the payment of taxes to various countries is on the rise. Therefore, the governments will have no other option other than make it mandatory the payment of taxes based on their incomes. In this instance, Amazon’s earnings would be drastically reduced (Weber, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on SWOT Analysis for Amazon Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Given its global size, Amazon will not evade the growing competition from its competitors. For example, alliance between e-books providers and Apple Inc posed a challenge to them on internal pricing strategies. Without such a strategic alliance, most content providers were powerless to compete versus Amazon’s bargain ing power (Mennen, 2010). In conclusion, there are mixed perception on whether Amazon will remain leading in internet retail or not. From above, it is clear that Amazon is in a strong position because of more strengths and opportunities than the weaknesses and threats respectively. Reference Bangs, D. H. (2002). The market planning guide: Creating a plan to successfully market your business, product, or service. Chicago: Dearborn Trade Pub. Madura, J. (2007). Introduction to business. Mason, OH: Thompson/South-Western. Mennen, M. (2010). Global Corporate Strategy A Critical Analysis and Evaluation of Amazon.com. München: GRIN Verlag GmbH. Stubbs, E. (2011). The value of business analytics: Identifying the path to profitability. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley. Weber, P. (2010). Abercrombie Fitch Marketing Analysis: A macro-environmental and competitive audit. München: GRIN Verlag GmbH.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Passing the Buck Slip

Passing the Buck Slip Passing the Buck Slip Passing the Buck Slip By Maeve Maddox The other day I received a letter that directed me to refer to an enclosed buck slip. Id never heard the expression, but I figured out that what was meant was a printed insert. Apparently this term, along with lift note, is common in the world of direct mailing: theres really very little difference between a buckslip and a lift note except that a lift note is generally written as a mini-letter. Buckslips can be any sort of additional insert. I wondered where the expression got its name. Could it be that the buck slip was called that because it was about the size of a dollar bill? Other questions bubbled up. Why is buck another name for dollar? And why does passing the buck mean avoiding responsibility? Heres where the questions led. The word buck to mean a dollar may come from the use of buckskins as articles of trade. Answer.coms definition of buckslip (spelled as one word), a small insert added to a mailing package; it is usually about the size of a dollar bill implies that the name may derive from the buck/dollar connection. Merriam-Webster, however, favors a different origin, defining buck slip (two words) as 1. a routing slip used especially in military offices to indicate the persons to whom the attached material is to go and usually the kind of action to be taken with such material and 2. an object formerly used in poker to mark the next player to deal or to deal a jackpot, the winner of each jackpot placing the buck in front of him; especially : a buckhorn-handled knife used for this purpose According to J.W. Keller, author of Draw Poker (1887), The buck is any inanimate object, usually knife or pencil, which is thrown into a jack pot and temporarily taken by the winner of the pot. Whenever the deal reaches the holder of the buck, a new jack pot must be made. According to a site called Dutch’s English Language Oddity Clearing House: Some card games use a marker called a buck. Players take turns acting as dealer with the buck marking the current dealer. When the buck is passed to the next player, the responsibility for dealing is passed. The buck slip as routing list explains the expression to pass the buck. Before email, when someone at work wanted everyone to see the same message, one copy of the message was sent around with a list of recipients. Each recipient checked or crossed off his name and passed it on. The person who passed the buck slip on without checking his name could claim he wasnt responsible for knowing what was in the memo. When President Harry S Truman placed a sign that said The Buck Stops Here on his desk in the Oval Office, he was assuring his staff that he would take responsibility for all problems that came to his attention. I dont know that any of that really explains buck slip as a term for a mailing insert, but it was an interesting exploration. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?Dawned vs. Donned10 Tips to Improve Your Writing Skills

KFC topic and marketing yes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

KFC topic and marketing yes - Essay Example limited products, though unique, KFC has been impacted by fierce competition from competitors like McDonald’s, Wendy’s and Burger King among others. A close analysis of the case study draws to the conclusion that there is need for KFC to diversify its products while attempting to retain its uniqueness in order to remain viable in the long run. In the early 1950s, Harland Sanders embarked on a franchising strategy which saw KFC rapidly growing in America to become one of the most recognizable brands. Having been taken public and listed on the New York Stock Exchange, KFC grew a strong foothold in the United States which prompted it to venture into international markets. Thus, the major motive behind PepsiCo’s acquisition followed a strong belief that the restaurant industry complemented their business of soft drinks and snacks. It was believed that restaurants increased the number of outlets to sell soft drinks and this would also increase the organisation’s popularity. Given that KFC was an already established business entity in the market, PepsiCo sought to capitalise on this through an acquisition which would sort of transfer all the loyal customers from KFC to them. PepsiCo believed that it could take advantage of the numerous synergies available for operating different businesses under one umbrella name. Management skills could be transferred among three businesses. The company had earlier own acquired Pizza Hut and Taco Bell which were leaders in pizza and Mexican categories which could create a synergy with the chicken brand. These synergies were hoped to create competitive advantage for PepsiCo since it would be operating different lucrative businesses which will help it gain more market shares. It can be seen from the case study that the fast food industry is characterised by stiff competition from other rival competitors. Reynolds and Lancaster (1999) suggest that Porter’s Five Forces Model is an ideal business strategy that is used to analyse

Controlling (Principles of Management Mod 5 SLP) Essay

Controlling (Principles of Management Mod 5 SLP) - Essay Example In controlling, equity bank applies action accountability that holds each employee accountable for their actions. Having trained employees on their responsibilities, each employee is left to act under minimal supervision keeping in mind that the outcome of his/her action has either a positive or negative implication on his/her performance record. Operating in a very competitive industry, Equity Bank’s management uses controlling as business strength so as to move ahead of its competitors (Alembi, 2009), who seem to have similar strategic plans. As a matter of fact, all financial organizations in the region have almost equal capacities to acquire employees, resources and mobilize their clients. However, through action accountability, equity bank has managed to rapidly grow relative to other financial institutions. In implementing this control effort, the management allows for both internal and external control of their employees. Through internal control, the management relies on employees, especially heads of various departments but not restricting the lower class employees, to exercise self-control. In fact, the employees who are preliminarily motivate by the fact that they will be rewarded for extra ordinarily good performance, are allowed to fulfill their job expectations by their own will and procedures. Moreover, equity bank provides their employees with sufficient resources and clear performance objectives that enable them deal with millions of clients to whom they have to attend to. In addition to self-control, each employee is answerable to an administrator who minimally supervises him, and is linked with performance appraisal system and employee discipline system that reward or punish extreme cases of performance respectively. However, although there are rewards and punishments, the firm capitalizes on always correcting its employees in efforts to improving individual performance in

The Practice of Counselling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Practice of Counselling - Essay Example I might have a slight discomfort with the psychodynamic approach as the supervisor has to focus on student-counsellors' reactions to clients' transference/counter-transference issues. A supervisor should assist the student counsellor examine personal issues but only if these issues relate to problems occurring in the therapeutic relationship between student/counsellor and clients. Person-centred approach: the approach revolves around the self awareness of both the counsellor and the client. As such, it helps open door to such significant matters as power balance between the counsellor and a client, and the importance of communication between the two. I am more comfortable with the person-centred approach, as it lets a counsellor to exercise their discretion, thus allowing their patients to have authority over their experience regarding their problems. On the other hand, the psychodynamic approach helps break down a client's defences, as well as in the uncovering of unconscious motivations. The psychodynamic approach overemphasises on sex, aggression, and childhood experiences. It is also difficult to quantify and measure the concepts that are proposed, hence I not feel comfortable with this approach. On the other hand, the person-centred approach is more concerned with the attitudes and values of a therapist rather than their skills. The approach also disregards the significance of the past. What 5. What does this say about your personality What does it say about your approach to counselling What this suggests is that rather than being pragmatic, I value form. Additionally, this is an indication that as a person, I value listening and learning about others, as well as hearing from them what it is that they would wish to do with their lives. It is an indication that I like helping people to think about not just what they want with their lives now, but also in the future. It also indicates that my approach to counselling is one that is geared towards ensuring a coherent understanding of the communication process with a client. Chapter 5: Ethics Write a short essay (200 words) on the core ethical principals that were covered in Chapter 5 and if you have a personal example of an ethical dilemma, please include this - even if it has not been resolved. Ethics are not only guidelines but a personal philosophy and approach to the person's whole life. The counsellor cannot uphold being ethical in personal life and wear a different set of values in the professional life. The counsellor will certainly experience conflicts and lack of clarity in their work. The ethical principles provide guidance for accessing increased awareness and higher level of consciousness. The

A Violation Of Womens Human Rights

A Violation Of Womens Human Rights Violence against women commonly known as gender-based violence refers to violent acts ‎committed against women with the victims gender as a primary motive. ‎Violence against women is very common especially in developing third world countries and even ‎in countries with over suppressed societies for example in many regions of the Middle East. ‎Even in developed and modern nations still today gender- based violence is not totally ‎eliminated and still exists though comparatively the rate is lower than the underdeveloped and/ or ‎developing countries. ‎ It is like a plague that has engulfed and destroyed many homes and families and a situation that ‎needs to be addressed with complete focus as a healthy society produces healthy generations ‎which in turn results in healthy and prosperous nations. For years the problem has never been ‎addressed seriously and so far has ruined families and disturbed the society at large majorly due ‎to lack of awareness among the individuals.‎ The ever increasing day to day mechanical lives and expensive living cost is causing more stress ‎and depression in individuals, the matter instead of being curtailed by various relevant law ‎enforcing agencies, NGOs and concerned state organizations the occurrences of violence ‎incidents against women is on high increase. ‎There is a dire need to find ways to stop this as crises intervention cannot only address and ‎simplify the situation rather more serious steps are needed to curtail the devastating effects that it ‎has on children and families.‎ Every year millions of women are affected world over and majority of cases do not come on ‎record nor handed lawfully and this ignorance results in gradual increase in such unacceptable ‎acts against women. We will all agree here that such violence against women leads to physical ‎and psychological harm both, and at times the psychological scars are impossible to treat thus ‎damaging the personality of the subject woman for life time.‎ If a woman suffers such physical and emotional harm the whole society suffers and the final ‎impact is the suffering of the entire society. Thus this raises serious health concerns and requires ‎immediate action and prevention from violence from those who are the policy makers and various ‎agencies responsible for stopping this violence. ‎ The affected suffers from loss of trust, loss of dignity and a deeply compromised self esteem ‎that needs to be addressed along with factors like housing, economic support, social welfare and ‎legal issues being an integral part of the health promotion strategy. ‎The most common form of violence experienced by women globally is physical violence inflicted ‎by an intimate partner, with women beaten, forced into sex or otherwise abused.‎ In a study conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) it was found that between 15% ‎and 70% of women experience physical and/ or sexual violence by a partner. ‎ According to a United Nations report at least one out of every three women around the world ‎has been abused some way or the other in her lifetime and that too by someone known to her.‎ According to a WHO report the impact of this gender- based violence on the society is deep and ‎directly burdens the health care services as women suffer serious physical injuries, death, sexually ‎transmitted diseases, miscarriages, acute depression and many other psychological health issues ‎resulting in weak and low physical health. And the states have to bear heavy economical costs in ‎billions per year.‎ A 2003 report by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that the ‎costs of intimate partner violence in the United States alone exceed US$5.8 billion per year: ‎US$4.1 billion are for direct medical and health care services, while productivity losses account ‎for nearly US$1.8 billion.‎ We can have an idea of existence of this gender-based violence in various parts of the world ‎from the figures collected by the WHO while carrying out a study in 11 countries and according ‎to this study; ‎ The percentage of women who had been subjected to sexual violence by an intimate partner ‎ranged from 6 per cent in Japan to 59 per cent in Ethiopia. ‎Several global surveys suggest that half of all women who die from homicide are killed by their ‎current or former husbands or partners. ‎In Australia, Canada, Israel, South Africa and the United States, 40 to 70 per cent of female ‎murder victims were killed by their partners, according to the World Health Organization.‎ In Colombia, every sixth day one woman is reportedly killed by her partner or former partner. ‎Psychological or emotional violence by intimate partners is also widespread.‎ Up to 70 per cent of women experience violence in their lifetime, according to country data ‎available.‎Women aged 15-44 are more at risk from rape and domestic violence than from cancer, car ‎accidents, war and malaria, according to World Bank data. ‎ Female genital mutilation (FGM), defined by WHO as the partial or total removal of the external ‎genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs WHO estimates that between 100 to 140 ‎million girls and women have undergone some type of FGM. Most of those affected live in 28 ‎countries in Africa, although there are some in the Middle East and it also happens among ‎immigrant communities in some countries in Western Europe.‎ Rape and dowry related violations are also very common resulting in harassment of brides and ‎also dowry related deaths, particularly in certain parts of India and other southern Asian ‎countries. This violence is exercised not only by the husband but also by the husbands close ‎relatives (mother, brothers, and sisters). ‎ Acid throwing in some Asian countries such as Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, the disfiguring ‎of women by throwing acid or burning them are forms of violence rooted in gender inequality, ‎but the immediate reason for this is often disputes concerning marriage and dowry. While this is ‎not one of the most prevalent forms of violence against women, its consequences are dire for ‎those women subjected to it. ‎ ‎ Honor killings this is the murder of a woman, usually by a brother, father, or other male family ‎member, because she has allegedly brought shame to her family. This phenomenon is rooted in ‎the notion of male honor and female chastity that prevails in many countries in the Eastern ‎Mediterranean region. It means a mans honor is linked to the perceived sexual purity of the ‎women in his family. If a woman engages in sex outside marriage or even if she is raped, she is ‎thought to disgrace the family honor. In some societies, the only way to cleanse the family honor ‎is by killing the woman/girl.‎ This kind of violence against women and girls is exercised also in western European countries ‎within immigrant families. It is generally referred to as honor killings-a rather misleading ‎term as the connection with honor is difficult to understand in most cultures. The term murder ‎in the name of honor has been suggested. ‎ There was this case of honor killing of 3 daughters and their mother who was murdered in ‎Canada and bodies dumped under a bridge by their own father with the help of his second wife ‎who were immigrants there and belonged to an Asian country. ‎ In Saudi Arabia where I used to visit frequently almost every year as my spouse was working in ‎Jeddah I witnessed many cases where in men when going for work locked their wives from ‎outside till the time they were back home in the evenings the reason being lack of trust on their ‎spouse and during one such incidence the house caught fire due to short circuit and the wife, ‎maid and an infant child were rescued by the neighbors through apartment windows as the door ‎to the house was locked from outside by the husband who had left for work. I left the site ‎wondering how much black smoke these three must have inhaled especially the infant child and ‎what effect it would have had on their lungs?‎ With the passage of time and increasing awareness especially in girls / women due increasing ‎literacy rates among women such violation is now getting well recognized as a public health ‎problem and human rights violation of worldwide. ‎ The states and working organizations for prevention and betterment of societies are now realizing ‎how this relates directly to the public health sector.‎ More and more need have arise to take appropriate measures and proper trained health workers ‎are being placed close to the victims of such violation who are also well acquainted with the ‎community they work for and its inhabitants.‎ The local health services and communities need to play their role and create awareness among the ‎public to prevent such incidents. ‎ The Central and Federal government bodies need not only to make strict laws for the prevention ‎of gender-based violence but ensure effective implementation as well.‎ The most effective way to reduce tolerance towards violence against women is to openly debate ‎the subject as still there is limited knowledge regarding most workable interventions for the ‎prevention of gender- based violations.‎ References †¢ ‎ www.health.state.mn.us/divs/hpcd/chp/hpkit/index.htm †¢ http://futureofchildren.org/futureofchildren/publications/docs/‎ †¢ http://heapro.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/suppl_1/25.full †¢ Violence Against Women the United Nations ‎ www.un.org/en/events/endviolenceday//UNiTE_TheSituation_EN.‎ †¢ Violence against women Gunilla Krantz, Claudia Garcia-Moreno †¢ http://www.wikigender.org/index.php/Violence_against_women